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The aim of the present study was to determine species of the fungal genera  Aspergillus ,  Fusarium , and  Penicillium  and fumonisin B 1  (FB 1 ), aflatoxin B 1  (AFB 1 ), and ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination from feed intended for fish farms. A total of 60 samples were sampled from tilapia farms in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The quantitative enumeration of fungi as colony-forming units per gram of feed (CFU/g) was performed using the surface spread method in different culture media. The results were expressed as fungal isolation frequency and relative density. Fungal total counts ranged from &lt;1 × 10 2  to 4.7 × 10 4  CFU/g.  Fusarium  counts were not observed. Among toxigenic genera,  Aspergillus  (68%) was the most prevalent, followed by  Penicillium  species (60%).  Aspergillus niger  aggregate (36%),  Aspergillus flavus  (35%), and  Penicillium citrinum  (71%) were the most prevalent species. A high percentage of samples (98%) were contaminated with FB 1  levels, while 55% and 3.3% were contaminated with AFB 1  and OTA, respectively. The simultaneous occurrence of these mycotoxins emphasizes the need for further research in the area to better assess the risk to the health of fish farms and their implications for the health of consumers of this meat.

Mycobiota and mycotoxins present in finished fish feeds from farms in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil