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Background  Brain ischemia initiates several metabolic events leading to neuronal death. These events mediate large amount of damage that arises after some neurodegenerative disorders as well as transient brain ischemia.  Melissa officinalis  is considered as a helpful herbal plant in the prevention of various neurological diseases like Alzheimer that is related with oxidative stress.    Methods  We examined the effect of  Melissa officinalis  on hypoxia induced neuronal death in a cortical neuronal culture system as  in vitro  model and transient hippocampal ischemia as  in vivo  model. Transient hippocampal ischemia was induced in male rats by tow vessel-occlusion for 20 min. After reperfusion, the histopathological changes and the levels inflammation, oxidative stress status, and caspase-3 activity in hippocampus were measured.    Results  Cytotoxicity assays showed a significant protection of a 10 μg/ml dose of Melissa against hypoxia in cultured neurons which was confirmed by a conventional staining (P<0.05). Melissa treatment decrease caspase3 activity (P<0.05) and TUNEL-positive cells significantly (P<0.01). Melissa oil has also inhibited malon dialdehyde level and attenuated decrease of Antioxidant Capacity in the hippocampus. Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and HIF-1α mRNA levels were highly increased after ischemia and treatment with Melissa significantly suppressed HIF-1α gene expression (P<0.05).    Discussion  Results showed that  Melissa officinalis  could be considered as a protective agent in various neurological diseases associated with ischemic brain injury.

Neuroprotective properties of Melissa officinalis after hypoxic-ischemic injury both in vitro and in vivo