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Background  In the floral ABC model, B-class genes comprised of  DEFICIENS  ( DEF )/ APETALA3  ( AP3 ) and  GLOBOSA  ( GLO )/ PISTILLATA  ( PI ) had been proposed to involve in second and third whorl floral organ development. However, less is known about the function of B-class genes from early-diverging angiosperms. Chloranthaceae is one of the early-diverging angiosperm families. In this study, we characterized the role of the  PI -like gene  CsPI  cloned from  Chloranthus spicatus  which have the simplest perianthless bisexual flowers.    Results  The expression profile analysis reveals high levels of  CsPI  mRNA in stamens in  Chloranthus spicatus , with weak distribution in leaves and other floral organs. Nevertheless,  CsPI  rescued both stamen and petal development in  Arabidopsis thaliana pi-1  mutants and caused partially conversion of sepals into petaloid organs in wild-type  Arabidopsis thaliana  plants. Yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that CsPI can form not only homodimers but also heterodimers with proteins encoded by  Arabidopsis thaliana  and  Chloranthus spicatus AP3 -like genes.    Conclusions  These results suggested that  CsPI  has an ancestral function on stamen development and that  CsPI  has capability to specify petal development in  Arabidopsis thaliana.  The finding indicates that the activity of the encoded PI-like proteins is highly conserved between the early-diverging  Chloranthus  and  Arabidopsis . Moreover, our results appear to suggest that B-function genes may not play a role in perianth development in  Chloranthus spicatus .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1999-3110-55-21) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

CsPI from the perianthless early-diverging Chloranthus spicatus show function on petal development in Arabidopsis thaliana