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Background  We found that the edible green seaweed  Enteromorpha linza  displayed potent antimicrobial activity against  Prevotella intermedia  and  Porphyromonas gingivalis . To elucidate the active component of  E. linza , isolation procedures were performed.    Results  The main active compound was isolated by polarity fractionation, Sephadex LH-20 gel chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The active compounds were eluted at isocratic 95% acetonitrile by RP-HPLC and identified as unsaturated fatty acids, stearidonic acid (SA, C18:4 n-3) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3 n-6) by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry,  1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and  13 C NMR spectroscopy. The yields of SA and GLA from dried seaweed tissue were 6.33 × 10 -3 % and 6.47 × 10 -3 %, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration values of SA and GLA were 39.06 μg/mL against  P. intermedia  and 9.76 μg/mL against  P. gingivalis , respectively. SA and GLA were also active against several other oral pathogens, including  Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum  subsp.  vincenti , and  Streptococcus mutans , at micromolar concentrations.    Conclusions  These data suggest that the  E. linza  extracts SA and GLA are useful antimicrobial agents for the prevention and/or treatment of periodontitis.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1999-3110-54-39) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Antimicrobial activities of stearidonic and gamma-linolenic acids from the green seaweed Enteromorpha linza against several oral pathogenic bacteria