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This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the microclimate temperature and clothing insulation ( I   cl  ) under comfortable environmental conditions. In total, 20 subjects (13 women, 7 men) took part in this study. Four environmental temperatures were chosen: 14°C (to represent March/April), 25°C (May/June), 29°C (July/August), and 23°C (September/October). Wind speed (0.14ms -1 ) and humidity (45%) were held constant. Clothing microclimate temperatures were measured at the chest ( T   chest  ) and on the interscapular region ( T   scapular  ). Clothing temperature of the innermost layer ( T   innermost  ) was measured on this layer 30 mm above the centre of the left breast. Subjects were free to choose the clothing that offered them thermal comfort under each environmental condition. We found the following results. 1) All clothing factors except the number of lower clothing layers ( L   lower  ), showed differences between the different environmental conditions (P<0.05). The ranges of  T   chest   were 31.6 to 33.5°C and 32.2 to 33.4°C in  T   scapular  . The range of  T   innermost   was 28.6 to 32.0°C. The range of the upper clothing layers ( L   upper  ) and total clothing mass ( M   total  ) was 1.1 to 3.2 layers and 473 to 1659 g respectively. The range of  I   cl   was 0.78 to 2.10 clo. 2)  Post hoc  analyses showed that analysis of  T   innermost   produced the same results as for that of  I   cl  . Likewise, the analysis of  L   upper   produced the same result as the analysis of the number of total layers ( L   total  ) within an outfit. 3) Air temperature ( t   a  ) had positive relationships with  T   chest   and  T   scapular   and with  T   innermost   but had inverse correlations with  I   cl  ,  M   total  ,  L   upper   and  L   total  .  T   chest  ,  T   scapular  , and  T   innermost   increased as  t   a   rose. 4)  I   cl   had inverse relationships with  T   chest   and  T   innermost  , but positive relationships with  M   total  ,  L   upper   and  L   total  .  I   cl   could be estimated by  M   total  ,  L   upper  , and  T   scapular   using a multivariate linear regression model. 5)  L   upper   had positive relationships with  I   cl   and  M   total  , but  L   lower   did not. Subjects hardly changed  L   lower   under environmental comfort conditions between March and October. This indicates that each of the  T   chest  ,  M   total  , and  L   upper   was a factor in predicting  I   cl  .  T   innermost   might also be a more influential factor than the clothing microclimate temperature.

Clothing insulation and temperature, layer and mass of clothing under comfortable environmental conditions