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Background  Estrogens are important factors in the female reproductive functions and are processed by a number of enzymes along their metabolic pathway. The  COMT  gene constitutes a crucial element in estrogen metabolism and is assumed to be involved in the development of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI). This study aimed to determine whether the presence of the  COMT  Val/Met polymorphism (rs4680) is associated to the risk of developing POI.    Findings  In this case–control study, we evaluated 96 infertile women with POI and 120 fertile women as controls, after obtaining a detailed history of the disease and follicle-stimulating hormone measurements, besides karyotype determination and fragile-X premutation syndrome investigation.  COMT  (Val/Met) genotypes were identified by real time PCR (genotyping  TaqMan  assay), and the results were statistically analyzed. A statistically significant difference was found in the distribution of  COMT  genotypes (p = 0.003) and alleles (p = 0.015) between the POI patients and the control group.    Conclusion  We were able to demonstrate a strong association between the  COMT  Val/Met polymorphism and the risk of premature ovarian insufficiency in the Brazilian women evaluated. However, further studies in larger populations are necessary to confirm these findings.

COMT polymorphism influences decrease of ovarian follicles and emerges as a predictive factor for premature ovarian insufficiency