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Background  While several mouse strains have recently been developed for tracing neural crest or oligodendrocyte lineages, each strain has inherent limitations. The connection between human  SOX10  mutations and neural crest cell pathogenesis led us to focus on the  Sox10  gene, which is critical for neural crest development. We generated  Sox10- Venus BAC transgenic mice to monitor Sox10 expression in both normal development and in pathological processes.    Results  Tissue fluorescence distinguished neural crest progeny cells and oligodendrocytes in the  Sox10- Venus mouse embryo. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that Venus expression was restricted to cells expressing endogenous Sox10. Time-lapse imaging of various tissues in  Sox10- Venus mice demonstrated that Venus expression could be visualized at the single-cell level  in vivo  due to the intense, focused Venus fluorescence. In the adult  Sox10- Venus mouse, several types of mature and immature oligodendrocytes along with Schwann cells were clearly labeled with Venus, both before and after spinal cord injury.    Conclusions  In the newly-developed  Sox10- Venus transgenic mouse, Venus fluorescence faithfully mirrors endogenous Sox10 expression and allows for  in vivo  imaging of live cells at the single-cell level. This  Sox10- Venus mouse will thus be a useful tool for studying neural crest cells or oligodendrocytes, both in development and in pathological processes.

Sox10- Venus mice: a new tool for real-time labeling of neural crest lineage cells and oligodendrocytes