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Background   Toxoplasma gondii  is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting all warm-blooded animals including livestock. In these animals, the parasite forms cysts in the tissues which may pose a risk to public health if infected meat is consumed undercooked or raw. Little is known of the epidemiology of  T. gondii  in the Caribbean; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine  T. gondii  exposure in small ruminants from four Caribbean island nations.    Findings  Sera from 305 sheep and 442 goats from Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat and St. Kitts and Nevis were examined for  T. gondii  antibodies using an in house ELISA. Reactive antibodies were detected in sheep and goats, respectively, from Dominica (67%, 37/55; 58%, 79/136), Grenada (48%, 40/84; 57%, 54/94), Montserrat (89%, 25/28; 80%, 25/31) and St. Kitts and Nevis (57%, 78/138; 42%, 76/181).    Conclusions  Our results suggest widespread environmental contamination with  T. gondii  oocysts and that small ruminants could be a potentially important source of  T. gondii  infection if their infected meat is consumed undercooked.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants from four Caribbean islands