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Background  Infections with larval stages (metacestodes) of a variety of taeniid species have been described in primates, including humans, with partial to severe clinical consequences.  Taenia martis  is a tapeworm of mustelids, and martens are mainly their definitive hosts in Central Europe. In the rodent intermediate host cysticerci develop in the pleural and peritoneal cavities. The present report describes a case of  T. martis  peritoneal cysticercosis in a Tonkean macaque.    Findings  An abdominal mass was detected in a 3-year-old male Tonkean macaque ( Macaca tonkeana ) born and raised in a primate colony in France. Examination of the mass after laparotomy showed numerous vesicles identified as cysticerci of  T. martis , based on the morphology of scolex and hooks, with confirmation by PCR amplification and sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( cox1 ) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 ( nad1 ) genes. Exeresis of the lesion was not possible and praziquantel (5.7 mg/kg) was given twice at an interval of 3 days. The abdominal mass was greatly diminished upon examination 2 months later and no signs of recurrence were noticed during the following 4 years.    Conclusions  This is the first report of  T. martis  cysticercosis in a monkey. This record and the recent first description of an ocular  T. martis  cysticercosis in a human show the susceptibility of primates to  T. martis  and its zoonotic potential. This taeniid species must be considered in the differential diagnosis of cysticercosis in primates.

First case of peritoneal cysticercosis in a non-human primate host (Macaca tonkeana) due to Taenia martis