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Background  Very little is known about the seroepidemiology of  Toxoplasma gondii  infection in ethnic groups in Mexico. Huicholes are an indigenous ethnic group living in a remote mountainous region in Mexico. We sought to determine the prevalence of anti- Toxoplasma  IgG and IgM antibodies in Huicholes; and to determine the association of  Toxoplasma  seropositivity with socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of Huicholes.    Methods  We performed a cross sectional survey in Huicholes from September 2013 to January 2014. A convenience sampling method was used. We investigated the prevalence of anti- Toxoplasma  IgG and IgM antibodies in 214 Huicholes using enzyme-linked immunoassays. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain the characteristics of the Huicholes. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the association of  Toxoplasma  exposure and Huicholes’ characteristics.    Results  Of the 214 Huicholes studied (mean age: 37.98 ± 15.80 years), 71 (33.2%) were positive for anti- T. gondii  IgG antibodies and 47 (66.2%) of them were also positive for anti- T. gondii  IgM antibodies. Seroprevalence of  T. gondii  infection did not vary with age, sex, or occupation. However, seroprevalence of anti- T. gondii  IgM antibodies was significantly higher in female than in male Huicholes. Multivariate analysis of socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics showed that  T. gondii  exposure was associated with consumption of turkey meat (OR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.16-4.46;  P  = 0.01). In addition, seroprevalence of  T. gondii  infection was significantly higher in Huicholes suffering from dizziness and memory impairment than those without such clinical characteristics.    Conclusions  Our results demonstrate serological evidence of  T. gondii  exposure among Huicholes which may be impacting their health. Results of this first study of  T. gondii  infection in Huicholes may be useful for the design of optimal preventive measures against infection with  T. gondii .

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors in Huicholes in Mexico