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Background  During the screening programme for new agrochemicals from Chinese medicinal herbs and local wild plants, the essential oil of dried bulbs of  Allium macrostemon  Bunge (Liliaceae) was found to possess larvicidal activity against mosquitoes. The aim of this research was to determine the larvicidal activity of the essential oil and its major constituent compounds against the larvae of the Culicidae mosquito,  Aedes albopictus.Methods  Essential oil of  A. macrostemon  was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromaotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The activity of the essential oil and its two major constituents were evaluated, using World Health Organization (WHO) procedures, against the fourth instar larvae of  Ae. albopictus  for 24 h and larval mortalities were recorded at various essential oil/compound concentrations ranging from 9.0 - 150 μg/ml.    Results  The essential oil of  A. macrostemon  exhibited larvicidal activity against the early fourth instar larvae of  Ae. albopictus  with an LC 50  value of 72.86 μg/ml. The two constituent compounds, dimethyl trisulfide and methyl propyl disulfide possessed strong larvicidal activity against the early fourth instar larvae of  Ae. albopictus  with LC 50  values of 36.36 μg/ml and 86.16 μg/ml, respectively.    Conclusion  The results indicated that the essential oil of  A. macrostemon  and its major constituents have good potential as a source for natural larvicides.

parasites and vectors

Evaluation of larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Allium macrostemon Bunge and its selected major constituent compounds against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)