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Background  The apicomplexan parasite  Neospora caninum  causes neosporosis, a disease that leads to abortion or stillbirth in cattle, generating an economic impact on the dairy and beef cattle trade. As an obligatory intracellular parasite,  N. caninum  needs to invade the host cell in an active manner to survive. The increase in parasite cytosolic Ca 2+  upon contact with the host cell mediates critical events, including the exocytosis of phylum-specific secretory organelles and the activation of the parasite invasion motor. Because invasion is considered a requirement for pathogen survival and replication within the host, the identification of secreted proteins (secretome) involved in invasion may be useful to reveal interesting targets for therapeutic intervention.    Methods  To chart the currently missing  N. caninum  secretome, we employed mass spectrometry-based proteomics to identify proteins present in the  N. caninum  tachyzoite using two different approaches. The first approach was identifying the proteins present in the tachyzoite-secreted fraction (ESA). The second approach was determining the relative quantification through peptide stable isotope labelling of the tachyzoites submitted to an ethanol secretion stimulus ( discharged  tachyzoite), expecting to identify the secreted proteins among the down-regulated group.    Results  As a result, 615 proteins were identified at ESA and 2,011 proteins quantified at the  discharged  tachyzoite. We have analysed the connection between the secreted and the down-regulated proteins and searched for putative regulators of the secretion process among the up-regulated proteins. An interaction network was built by computational prediction involving the up- and down-regulated proteins. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000424.    Conclusions  The comparison between the protein abundances in ESA and their measure in the  discharged  tachyzoite allowed for a more precise identification of the most likely secreted proteins. Information from the network interaction and up-regulated proteins was important to recognise key proteins potentially involved in the metabolic regulation of secretion. Our results may be helpful to guide the selection of targets to be investigated against  Neospora caninum  and other Apicomplexan organisms.

parasites and vectors

Unravelling the Neospora caninum secretome through the secreted fraction (ESA) and quantification of the discharged tachyzoite using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics