English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background   Leishmania  species belong to the family Trypanosomatidae and cause leishmaniasis, a geographically widespread disease that infects humans and other vertebrates. This disease remains endemic in China. Due to the large geographic area and complex ecological environment, the taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationship of Chinese  Leishmania  isolates remain uncertain. A recent internal transcribed spacer 1 and cytochrome oxidase II phylogeny of Chinese  Leishmania  isolates has challenged some aspects of their traditional taxonomy as well as cladistics hypotheses of their phylogeny. The current study was designed to provide further disease background and sequence analysis.    Methods  We systematically analyzed 50 cytochrome  b  (cyt  b ) gene sequences of 19 isolates (16 from China, 3 from other countries) sequenced after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a special primer for cyt  b  as well as 31 sequences downloaded from GenBank. After alignment, the data were analyzed using the maximum parsimony, Bayesian and netwok methods.    Results  Sequences of six haplotypes representing 10 Chinese isolates formed a monophyletic group and clustered with  Leishmania tarentolae . The isolates GS1, GS7, XJ771 of this study from China clustered with other isolates of  Leishmania donovani  complex. The isolate JS1 was a sister to  Leishmania tropica,  which represented an  L. tropica  complex instead of clustering with  L. donovani  complex or with the other 10 Chinese isolates. The isolates KXG-2 and GS-GER20 formed a monophyletic group with  Leishmania turanica  from central Asia. In the different phylogenetic trees, all of the Chinese isolates occurred in at least four groups regardless of geographic distribution.    Conclusions  The undescribed  Leishmania  species of China, which are clearly causative agents of canine leishmaniasis and human visceral leishmaniasis and are related to  Sauroleishmania , may have evolved from a common ancestral parasite that came from the Americas and may have split off earlier than the other old world  Leishmania . Our results also suggest the following: the isolates GS7, GS1 and XJ771 occur as part of the  L. donovani  complex; the JS1 isolate is  L. tropica;  and the isolate GS-GER20 identified as  Leishmania gerbilli  is close to KXG-2 which is  L. turanica .

parasites and vectors

Analysis of kinetoplast cytochrome b gene of 16 Leishmania isolates from different foci of China: different species of Leishmania in China and their phylogenetic inference