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Background  Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases with a variety of clinical manifestations. The form of the disease is highly dependent on the infective  Leishmania  species and the immunological status of the host. The infectivity of the parasite strain also plays an important role in the progression of the infection. The aim of this work is to understand the influence of the natural infectivity of  Leishmania  strains in the outcome of visceral leishmaniasis.    Methods  In this study we have characterized four strains of  L. infantum  in terms of molecular typing,  in vitro  cultivation and differentiation. Two strains were isolated from HIV+ patients with visceral leishmaniasis (Bibiano and E390M), one strain was isolated from a cutaneous lesion in an immunocompetent patient (HL) and another internal reference strain causative of visceral leishmaniasis (ST) also from an immunocompetent patient was used for comparison. For this objective, we have compared their virulence by  in vitro  and  in vivo  infectivity in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis.    Results  Molecular typing unraveled a new  k26  sequence attributed to MON-284 zymodeme and allowed the generation of a molecular signature for the identification of each strain.  In vitro  cultivation enabled the production of promastigotes with comparable growth curves and metacyclogenesis development. The HL strain was the most infective, showing the highest parasite loads  in vitro  that were corroborated with the  in vivo  assays, 6 weeks post-infection in BALB/c mice. The two strains isolated from HIV+ patients, both belonging to two different zymodemes, revealed different kinetics of infection.    Conclusion  Differences in  in  vitro and  in vivo  infectivity found in the murine model were then attributed to intrinsic characteristics of each strain. This work is supported by other studies that present the parasite’s inherent features as factors for the multiplicity of clinical manifestations and severity of leishmaniasis.

parasites and vectors

Characterization of the biology and infectivity of Leishmania infantum viscerotropic and dermotropic strains isolated from HIV+ and HIV- patients in the murine model of visceral leishmaniasis