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Background  The Leishmaniases are a group of clinically diverse diseases caused by parasites of the genus  Leishmania . To distinguish between species is crucial for correct diagnosis and prognosis as well as for treatment decisions. Recently, sequencing of the HSP70 coding region has been applied in phylogenetic studies and for identifying of  Leishmania  species with excellent results.    Methods  In the present study, we analyzed the 3’-untranslated region (UTR) of  Leishmania HSP70 -type I gene from 24 strains representing eleven  Leishmania  species in the belief that this non-coding region would have a better discriminatory capacity for species typing than coding regions.    Results  It was observed that there was a remarkable degree of sequence conservation in this region, even between species of the subgenus  Leishmania  and  Viannia . In addition, the presence of many microsatellites was a common feature of the 3´-UTR of  HSP70-I  genes in the  Leishmania  genus. Finally, we constructed dendrograms based on global sequence alignments of the analyzed  Leishmania  species and strains, the results indicated that this particular region of  HSP70  genes might be useful for species (or species complex) typing, improving for particular species the discrimination capacity of phylogenetic trees based on HSP70 coding sequences. Given the large size variation of the analyzed region between the  Leishmania  and  Viannia  subgenera, direct visualization of the PCR amplification product would allow discrimination between subgenera, and a  Hae III-PCR-RFLP analysis might be used for differentiating some species within each subgenera.    Conclusions  Sequence and phylogenetic analyses indicated that this region, which is readily amplified using a single pair of primers from both Old and New World  Leishmania  species, might be useful as a molecular marker for species discrimination.

parasites and vectors

Sequence analysis of the 3’-untranslated region of HSP70 (type I) genes in the genus Leishmania: its usefulness as a molecular marker for species identification