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Background  Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a zoonotic disease caused by  Leishmania (L.) infantum . It is endemic to several tropical and subtropical countries but also to the Mediterranean region. It is transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies but occasional non-vector transmissions have been reported, including vertical and horizontal transmission.    Findings  The authors report a case of CanL in a female boxer dog from Dusseldorf, Germany, that had never been in an endemic region. A serum sample from the bitch was tested positive for antibodies against  Leishmania  (IFAT 1:2,000, ELISA 72). The bitch had whelped three litters, and one puppy from the third litter was also found to be seropositive for  Leishmania  antibodies (IFAT 1:4,000, ELISA 78).    Conclusions  Up to now, despite intensive searching, the occurrence of sandflies could not be proved in the bitch's region of origin. Thus, vertical and horizontal transmission are to be discussed as possible ways of infection. This may be the first report of venereal and vertical transmission of  L. infantum  in naturally infected dogs in Germany.

First report of venereal and vertical transmission of canine leishmaniosis from naturally infected dogs in Germany