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Background   Candidatus  Neoehrlichia mikurensis (CNM) has been described in the hard tick  Ixodes ricinus  and rodents as well as in some severe cases of human disease. The aims of this study were to identify DNA of CNM in small mammals, the ticks parasitizing them and questing ticks in areas with sympatric existence of  Ixodes ricinus  and  Dermacentor reticulatus  in Germany.    Methods  Blood, transudate and organ samples (spleen, kidney, liver, skin) of 91 small mammals and host-attached ticks from altogether 50 small mammals as well as questing  I. ricinus  ticks (n=782) were screened with a real-time PCR for DNA of CNM.    Results  52.7% of the small mammals were positive for CNM-DNA. The majority of the infected animals were yellow-necked mice ( Apodemus flavicollis ) and bank voles ( Myodes glareolus ). Small mammals with tick infestation were more often infected with CNM than small mammals without ticks. Compared with the prevalence of ~25% in the questing  I. ricinus  ticks, twice the prevalence in the rodents provides evidence for their role as reservoir hosts for CNM.    Conclusion  The high prevalence of this pathogen in the investigated areas in both rodents and ticks points towards the need for more specific investigation on its role as a human pathogen.

parasites and vectors

Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis in rodents in an area with sympatric existence of the hard ticks Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, Germany