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Background  The causative agent of yellow fever is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family transmitted by infected  Aedes  mosquitoes, particularly in Africa. In the Central African Republic since 2006, cases have been notified in the provinces of Ombella-Mpoko, Ouham-Pende, Basse-Kotto, Haute-Kotto and in Bangui the capital. As the presence of a vector of yellow fever virus (YFV) represents a risk for spread of the disease, we undertook entomological investigations at these sites to identify potential vectors of YFV and their abundance.    Findings  Between 2006 and 2010, 5066 mosquitoes belonging to six genera and 43 species were identified. The 20 species of the  Aedes  genus identified included  Ae. aegypti , the main vector of YFV in urban settings, and species found in tropical forests, such as  Ae. africanus ,  Ae. simpsoni ,  Ae. luteocephalus ,  Ae. vittatus  and  Ae. opok . These species were not distributed uniformly in the various sites studied. Thus, the predominant  Aedes  species was  Ae. aegypti  in Bangui (90.7 %) and Basse-Kotto (42.2 %),  Ae. africanus  in Ombella-Mpoko (67.4 %) and Haute-Kotto (77.8 %) and  Ae. vittatus  in Ouham-Pende (62.2 %).  Ae. albopictus  was also found in Bangui. The distribution of these dominant species differed significantly according to study site ( P  < 0.0001). None of the pooled homogenates of  Aedes  mosquitoes analysed by polymerase chain reaction contained the YFV genome.    Conclusion  The results indicate a wide diversity of vector species for YFV in the Central African Republic. The establishment of surveillance and vector control programs should take into account the ecological specificity of each species.

Entomological profile of yellow fever epidemics in the Central African Republic, 2006–2010