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Background  West Nile virus (WNV) is a widespread pathogen maintained in an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and birds with occasional spill-over into dead-end hosts such as horses and humans. Migratory birds are believed to play an important role in its dissemination from and to the Palaearctic area, as well as its local dispersion between wintering sites. The Djoudj Park, located in Senegal, is a major wintering site for birds migrating from Europe during the study period (Sept. 2008- Jan. 2009). In this work, we studied the seasonal feeding behaviour dynamics of the potential WNV mosquito vectors at the border of the Djoudj Park, using a reference trapping method (CDC light CO 2 -baited traps) and two host-specific methods (horse- and pigeon-baited traps). Blood meals of engorged females were analysed to determine their origin.    Results  Results indicated that  Culex tritaeniorhynchus  and  Cx. neavei  may play a key role in the WNV transmission dynamics, the latter being the best candidate bridging-vector species between mammals and birds. Moreover, the attractiveness of pigeon- and horse-baited traps for  Cx. neavei  and  Cx. tritaeniorhynchus  varied with time. Finally,  Cx. tritaeniorhynchus  was only active when the night temperature was above 20°C, whereas  Cx. neavei  was active throughout the observation period.    Conclusions   Cx. neavei  and  Cx. tritaeniorhynchus  are the main candidate vectors for the transmission of WNV in the area. The changes in host attractiveness might be related to variable densities of the migratory birds during the trapping period. We discuss the importance of these results on the risk of WNV transmission in horses and humans.

Feeding behaviour of potential vectors of West Nile virus in Senegal