English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background  Malaria remains a significant health problem in Yemen with  Plasmodium falciparum  being the predominant species which is responsible for 90% of the malaria cases. Despite serious concerns regarding increasing drug resistance, chloroquine is still used for the prevention and treatment of malaria in Yemen. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of choloroquine resistance (CQR) of  P. falciparum  isolated from Yemen based on the  pfcrt  T76 mutation.    Methods  A cross-sectional study was carried out among 511 participants from four governorates in Yemen. Blood samples were screened using microscopic and species-specific nested PCR based on the 18S rRNA gene to detect and identify  Plasmodium  species. Blood samples positive for  P. falciparum  were used for detecting the  pfcrt  T76 mutation using nested-PCR.    Results  The prevalence of  pfcrt  T76 mutation was 81.5% (66 of 81 isolates). Coastal areas/foothills had higher prevalence of  pfcrt  T76 mutation compared to highland areas (90.5%  vs  71.8%) (p = 0.031). The  pfcrt  T76 mutation had a significant association with parasitaemia (p = 0.045). Univariate analysis shows a significant association of  pfcrt  T76 mutation with people aged > 10 years (OR = 9, 95% CI = 2.3 - 36.2, p = 0.001), low household income (OR = 5, 95% CI = 1.3 - 19.5, p = 0.027), no insecticide spray (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.16 - 11.86, p = 0.025) and not sleeping under insecticide treated nets (ITNs) (OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.38 - 16.78, p = 0.01). Logistic regression model confirmed age > 10 years and low household income as predictors of  pfcrt  T76 mutation in Yemen  P. falciparum  isolates.    Conclusions  The high prevalence of  pfcrt  T76 mutation in Yemen could be a predictive marker for the prevalence of  P. falciparum  CQR. This finding shows the necessity for an in-vivo therapeutic efficacy test for CQ.  P. falciparum  CQR should be addressed in the national strategy to control malaria.

High frequency of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance marker (pfcrt T76 mutation) in Yemen: An urgent need to re-examine malaria drug policy