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Background  Infection with the protozoan parasite  Toxoplasma gondii  may cause liver disease. However, the impact of the infection in patients suffering from liver disease is unknown. Therefore, through a case-control study design, 75 adult liver disease patients attending a public hospital in Durango City, Mexico, and 150 controls from the general population of the same region matched by gender, age, and residence were examined with enzyme-linked immunoassays for the presence of anti- Toxoplasma  IgG and anti- Toxoplasma  IgM antibodies. Socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral characteristics from the study subjects were obtained.    Results  Seroprevalence of anti- Toxoplasma  IgG antibodies and IgG titers did not differ significantly in patients (10/75; 13.3%) and controls (16/150; 10.7%). Two (2.7%) patients and 5 (3.3%) controls had anti- Toxoplasma  IgM antibodies ( P  = 0.57). Seropositivity to  Toxoplasma  did not show any association with the diagnosis of liver disease. In contrast, seropositivity to  Toxoplasma  in patients was associated with consumption of venison and quail meat.  Toxoplasma  seropositivity was more frequent in patients with reflex impairment (27.8%) than in patients without this impairment (8.8%) ( P  = 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that  Toxoplasma  seropositivity in patients was associated with consumption of sheep meat (OR = 8.69; 95% CI: 1.02-73.71;  P  = 0.04) and rabbit meat (OR = 4.61; 95% CI: 1.06-19.98;  P  = 0.04).    Conclusions  Seropositivity to  Toxoplasma  was comparable among liver disease patients and controls. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to elucidate the association of  Toxoplasma  with liver disease. Consumption of venison, and rabbit, sheep, and quail meats may warrant further investigation.

Toxoplasma gondii infection and liver disease: a case-control study in a Northern Mexican population