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Background  The cysteine proteinases in papaya latex have been shown to have potent anthelmintic properties in monogastric hosts such as rodents, pigs and humans, but this has not been demonstrated in ruminants.    Methods  In two experiments, sheep were infected concurrently with 5,000 infective larvae of  Haemonchus contortus  and 10,000 infective larvae of  Trichostrongylus colubriformis  and were then treated with the supernatant from a suspension of papaya latex from day 28 to day 32 post-infection. Faecal egg counts were monitored from a week before treatment until the end of the experiment and worm burdens were assessed on day 35 post-infection.    Results  We found that the soluble fraction of papaya latex had a potent  in vivo  effect on the abomasal nematode  H. contortus , but not on the small intestinal nematode  T. colubriformis . This effect was dose-dependent and at tolerated levels of gavage with papaya latex (117 μmol of active papaya latex supernatant for 4 days), the  H. contortus  worm burdens were reduced by 98%. Repeated treatment, daily for 4 days, was more effective than a single dose, but efficacy was not enhanced by concurrent treatment with the antacid cimetidine.    Conclusions  Our results provide support for the idea that cysteine proteinases derived from papaya latex may be developed into novel anthelmintics for the treatment of lumenal stages of gastro-intestinal nematode infections in sheep, particularly those parasitizing the abomasum.

Oral dosing with papaya latex is an effective anthelmintic treatment for sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus