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Background   Toxoplasma gondii  has been shown to trigger strong cellular immune responses to heterologous antigens expressed by the parasite in the inbred mouse model [ 1 ]. We studied the immune response induced by  T. gondii  as an effective vaccine vector in chickens and rabbits.    Results   T. gondii  RH strain was engineered to express the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in the cytoplasm. A subcutaneous injection of the transgenic  T. gondii  YFP in chickens afforded partial protection against the infection of transgenic  E. tenella  YFP.  T. gondii  YFP induced low levels of antibodies to YFP in chickens, suggesting that YFP specific cellular immune response was probably responsible for the protective immunity against  E. tenella  YFP infection. The measurement of T-cell response and IFN-γ production further confirmed that YFP specific Th1 mediated immune response was induced by  T. gondii  YFP in immunized chickens. The transgenic  T. gondii  stimulated significantly higher YFP specific IgG titers in rabbits than in chickens, suggesting greater immunogenicity in a  T. gondii  susceptible species than in a resistant species. Priming with  T. gondii  YFP and boosting with the recombinant YFP can induce a strong anti-YFP antibody response in both animal species.    Conclusions  Our findings suggest that  T. gondii  can be used as an effective vaccine vector and future research should focus on exploring avirulent no cyst-forming strains of  T. gondii  as a live vaccine vector in animals.

Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii as a live vaccine vector in susceptible and resistant hosts