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A previously described  Taenia saginata  HDP2 DNA sequence, a 4-kb polymorphic fragment, was previously used as the basis for developing PCR diagnostic protocols for the species-specific discrimination of  T. saginata  from  T. solium  and for the differentiation of  T. saginata  from  T. asiatica . The latter was shown subsequently to lack the required specificity, so we undertook genetic studies of the HDP2 sequence from  T. saginata  and  T. asiatica  to determine why, and to develop a novel HDP2-PCR protocol for the simultaneous unambiguous identification of human taeniids. Sequencing and further analysis of the HDP2 DNA fragments of 19 Asiatic isolates of  T. saginata  and  T. asiatica  indicated that the HDP2 sequences of both species exhibited clear genomic variability, due to polymorphic variable fragments, that could correspond to the non-transcribed region of ribosomal DNA. This newly observed polymorphism allowed us to develop a novel, reproducible and reliable HDP2-PCR protocol which permitted the simultaneous discrimination of all  T. saginata  and  T. asiatica  isolates examined. This species-specific identification was based on, and facilitated by, the clear size difference in amplicon profiles generated: fragments of 1300 bp, 600 bp and 300 bp were produced for  T. asiatica , amplicons of 1300 bp and 300 bp being obtained for  T. saginata . Control  T. solium  samples produced one amplicon of 600 bp with the HDP2-PCR protocol. The assay has the potential to prove useful as a diagnostic tool in areas such as South East Asia where  T. saginata ,  T. asiatica  and  T. solium  coexist.

Characterization of the Taenia spp HDP2 sequence and development of a novel PCR-based assay for discrimination of Taenia saginata from Taenia asiatica