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Background  Human amoebiasis is caused by the parasitic protozoan  Entamoeba histolytica  that lives in the large intestine of hosts, where can produce asymptomatic colonization until severe invasive infections with blood diarrhea and spreading to other organs. The amoebic abscesses in liver are the most frequent form of amoebiasis outside intestine and still there are doubts about the pathogenic mechanisms involved in their formation. In this study we evaluated the  in situ  binding of antibodies, C3 and C9 complement components on trophozoites, in livers of hamsters infected with  E. histolytica  or  E. dispar . These parameters were correlated with the extension of the hepatic lesions observed in these animals and with trophozoites survivor.    Methods  Hamsters were inoculated intra-hepatically with 100,000 trophozoites of  E. histolytica  or  E. dispar  strain and necropsied 12, 24, 48, 72, 144 and 192 h after inoculation. Antibodies, C3 and C9 binding to trophozoites were detected by immunohistochemistry. The estimation of the necrosis area and the number of labeled trophozoites was performed using digital morphometry analysis.    Results  In the liver sections of animals inoculated with the amoebas, the binding of antibodies to  E. histolytica  trophozoites was significantly lower than to  E. dispar  trophozoites. Trophozoites of  E. dispar  were also more frequently vacuolated and high labeled cellular debris observed in the lesions. Positive diffuse reaction to C3 complement component was more intense in livers of animals inoculated with  E. histolytica  after 24 and 72 h of infection. C3 (+)  and C9 (+)  trophozoites were detected in the vascular lumen, granulomas and inside and in the border of necrotic areas of both infected group animals. C3 (+)  and C9 (+)  trophozoite debris immunostaining was higher in livers of  E. dispar  than in livers of  E. histolytica . A positive correlation between necrotic areas and number of C9 (+)  trophozoites was observed in animals inoculated with  E. dispar .    Conclusion  Morphological and immunohistochemical results suggest that antibodies and complement are able to bind and destroy some trophozoites in the liver of experimentally infected hamsters, perhaps selecting the more resistant parasites which are responsible by progression of amoebic abscesses. The findings indicate that  E. histolytica  possesses an enhanced ability  in vivo  to evade the immune responses compared to  E. dispar , although it also causes experimental hepatic lesions.

Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar trophozoites in the liver of hamsters: in vivo binding of antibodies and complement