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Background  Real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is the most sensitive, and valuable technique for rare mRNA detection. However, the expression profiles of reference genes under different experimental conditions, such as different mouse strains, developmental stage, and culture conditions have been poorly studied.    Results  mRNA stability of the  actb ,  gapdh ,  sdha ,  ablim ,  ywhaz ,  sptbn ,  h2afz ,  tgfb1 ,  18 s  and  wrnip  genes was analyzed. Using the NormFinder program, the most stable genes are as follows:  h2afz  for the B6D2F-1 and C57BL/6 strains;  sptbn  for ICR;  h2afz  for KOSOM and CZB cultures of B6D2F-1 and C57BL/6 strain-derived embryos;  wrnip  for M16 culture of B6D2F-1 and C57BL/6 strain-derived embryos;  ywhaz ,  tgfb1 ,  18 s ,  18 s ,  ywhaz , and  h2afz  for zygote, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, molular, and blastocyst embryonic stages cultured in KSOM medium, respectively;  h2afz ,  wrnip ,  wrnip ,  h2afz ,  ywhaz , and  ablim  for zygote, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, molular, and blastocyst stage embryos cultured in CZB medium, respectively;  18 s ,  h2afz ,  h2afz ,  actb ,  h2afz , and  wrnip  for zygote, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, molular, and blastocyst stage embryos cultured in M16 medium, respectively.    Conclusions  These results demonstrated that candidate reference genes for normalization of target gene expression using RT-qPCR should be selected according to mouse strains, developmental stage, and culture conditions.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-675) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Evaluation of reference genes in mouse preimplantation embryos for gene expression studies using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR)