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Background  The Gram-positive bacterium  Streptococcus suis  serotype 2 is an important swine pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent. Multilocus sequence typing allowed dividing  S. suis  serotype 2 into sequence types (STs). The three major STs of  S. suis  serotype 2 from North America are 1 (most virulent), 25 (intermediate virulence) and 28 (less virulent). Although the presence of DNase activity in  S. suis  has been previously reported, little data is available. The aim of this study was to investigate DNase activity in  S. suis  according to STs, to characterize the activity and gene, and to provide evidence for a potential role in virulence.    Results  We showed that ST1 and ST28 strains exhibited DNase activity that was absent in ST25 strains. The lack of activity in ST25 isolates was associated with a 14-bp deletion resulting in a shifted reading frame and a premature stop codon. The DNase of  S. suis  P1/7 (ST1) was cell-associated and active on linear DNA. A DNase-deficient mutant of  S. suis  P1/7 was found to be less virulent in an amoeba model. Stimulation of macrophages with the DNase mutant showed a decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase-9 compared to the parental strain.    Conclusions  This study further expands our knowledge of  S. suis  DNase and its potential role in virulence.

Characterization of DNase activity and gene in Streptococcus suis and evidence for a role as virulence factor