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Background  Infections caused by bacteria such as multidrug resistant (MDR)  Acinetobacter  spp. and methicillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  (MRSA) constitute a worldwide pandemic. Without gathering information about these strains, we cannot reduce the morbidity and mortality due to infections caused by these notorious bugs.    Methods  This study was conducted to identify the status of MDR  Acinetobacter  spp. and MRSA in a tertiary care centre of Nepal. Sputum, endotracheal aspirate and bronchial washing specimens were collected and processed from patients suspected of lower respiratory tract infection following standard microbiological methods recommended by the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Double disk synergy test method was employed for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in  Acinetobacter  isolates. Methicillin resistance in  S. aureus  was confirmed by using cefoxitin and oxacillin disks.    Results  Different genomespecies of  Acinetobacter  were isolated; these consisted of  Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii  complex and  A. lwoffii . Around 95% of  Acinetobacter  isolates were MDR, while 12.9% were ESBL-producer. Of the total 33 isolates of  S. aureus , 26 (78.8%) were MDR and 14 (42.4%) were methicillin resistant.    Conclusions  A large number of MDR  Acinetobacter  spp. and MRSA has been noted in this study. The condition is worsened by the emergence of ESBL producing  Acinetobacter  spp. Hence, judicious use of antimicrobials is mandatory in clinical settings. Moreover, there should be vigilant surveillance of resistant clones in laboratories.

Emerging threat of multidrug resistant bugs – Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii complex and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus