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Background  This study aimed at enhancing the transcriptomic resources for two sibling species of moths,  Ostrinia scapulalis  (Adzuki bean borer) and  Ostrinia nubilalis  (European corn borer), as a foundation for future researches on their divergence history. Previous works on these species had shown that their genetic divergence was low, while they were reproductively isolated  in natura  and specialized on different host plants. Comparative genomic resources will help facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms involved in this isolation and adaptation to the host plants. Despite their fundamental interest, these species still lack the genomic resources to thoroughly identify candidate genes for functions of interest. We present here a high throughput sequencing and  de novo  transcriptome assembly for these two sibling species in line with this objective of comparative genomics.    Results  Based on 322,504 and 307,622 reads of 454 sequencing for  O. scapulalis  and  O. nubilalis  respectively, we reconstructed 11,231 and 10,773 transcripts, of which 40% were functionally annotated by BLAST analyzes. We determined the level of completeness of both assemblies as well as the recovery level of published  Ostrinia  genomic resources. Gene ontology (GO) of common and species-specific  de novo  transcripts did not reveal GO terms significantly enriched in one or the other species. By applying stringent homology searches on transcripts common to  O. scapulalis  and  O. nubilalis , we identified a set of homologous transcripts, with a mean nucleotide identity value of 98.1%. In this set, the most divergent transcripts revealed candidate genes involved in developmental, sensorial and pathogen defense processes.    Conclusions  This data greatly increases the genomic resources of  Ostrinia  species and constitute a solid skeleton for future comparative analyzes of expression or diversity, despite we show that the transcriptomes for both species have not been assembled at full completion. In addition, we provide a set of homologous transcripts together with their annotation as a source of candidate genes for comparative analyzes.

De novo transcriptomic resources for two sibling species of moths: Ostrinia nubilalis and O. scapulalis