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Background   Symbiobacterium toebii  is a commensal symbiotic thermophile that absolutely requires its partner bacterium  Geobacillus toebii  for growth. Despite development of an independent cultivation method using cell-free extracts, the growth of  Symbiobacterium  remains unknown due to our poor understanding of the symbiotic relationship with its partner bacterium. Here, we investigated the interrelationship between these two bacteria for growth of  S. toebii  using different cell-free extracts of  G. toebii .    Results   Symbiobacterium toebii  growth-supporting factors were constitutively produced through almost all growth phases and under different oxygen tensions in  G. toebii , indicating that the factor may be essential components for growth of  G. toebii  as well as  S. toebii . The growing conditions of  G. toebii  under different oxygen tension dramatically affected to the initial growth of  S. toebii  and the retarded lag phase was completely shortened by reducing agent, L-cysteine indicating an evidence of commensal interaction of microaerobic and anaerobic bacterium  S. toebii  with a facultative aerobic bacterium  G. toebii . In addition, the growth curve of  S. toebii  showed a dependency on the protein concentration of cell-free extracts of  G. toebii , demonstrating that the  G. toebii -derived factors have nutrient-like characters but not quorum-sensing characters.    Conclusions  Not only the consistent existence of the factor in  G. toebii  during all growth stages and under different oxygen tensions but also the concentration dependency of the factor for proliferation and optimal growth of  S. toebii , suggests that an important biosynthetic machinery lacks in  S. toebii  during evolution. The commensal symbiotic bacterium,  S. toebii  uptakes certain ubiquitous and essential compound for its growth from environment or neighboring bacteria that shares the equivalent compounds. Moreover,  G. toebii  grown under aerobic condition shortened the lag phase of  S. toebii  under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions, suggests a possible commensal interaction that  G. toebii  scavengers ROS/RNS species and helps the initial growth of  S. toebii .

A commensal symbiotic interrelationship for the growth of Symbiobacterium toebii with its partner bacterium, Geobacillus toebii