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Background   Chlamydia trachomatis  infections are the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infections in the world. There is scarce data available referring to the distribution of  C. trachomatis  genotypes in Argentina. The aim of this study was to identify the genotypes of  C. trachomatis  circulating in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires (Argentina) associated with  ophthalmia neonatorum  and genital infections.    Findings  From 2001 to 2006, 199 positive samples for  C. trachomatis  infection from symptomatic adult patients and neonates with  ophthalmia neonatorum  from two public hospitals were studied.  C. trachomatis  genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP of an ompA fragment.  Genotype E was the most prevalent regardless of the sample origin (46.3% 57/123 in adults and 72.4% 55/76 in neonates), followed by genotype D (19.5% 24/123) and F (14.6% 18/123) in adults, and G (9.2% 7/76) and D (7.9% 6/76) in neonates. We detected a significantly higher frequency of genotype E (p < 0.001, OR = 3.03 (1.57<OR<5.90)) in  ophthalmia neonatorum  than in genital specimens. Genotype D was associated with genital localization (p < 0.05, OR = 2.83 (1.03<OR<8.18)).    Conclusion  We found a particularly increased frequency of  C. trachomatis  genotype E in neonatal conjunctivitis, which may indicate an epidemiological association between this genotype and the newborn population. The present study also contributed to increase the knowledge on genotype distribution of  Chlamydia trachomatis  in symptomatic adult patients in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in which genotypes E, D and F were the predominant ones.

bmc research notes

Distribution study of Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes in symptomatic patients in Buenos Aires, Argentina: association between genotype E and neonatal conjunctivitis