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Background  The  zic  genes encode a family of transcription factors with important roles during early development. Since little is known about  zic  gene expression in chick embryos, we have characterized the expression patterns of the  zic1, zic2, zic3, and zic4 (zic1-4)  genes during neurulation and somitogenesis.    Findings  We used  in situ  hybridization to analyze the expression patterns of the  zic1-4  genes during early chick development (HH stages 7-19). The  zic1-3  genes showed both overlapping and gene-specific expression patterns along the length of the dorsal neural tube and in the dorsal parts of the somites. In addition, unique expression domains of  zic  genes included:  zic2  in the neural plate, periotic mesoderm and limb buds;  zic3  in the paraxial mesoderm surrounding the neural plate, in presomitic mesoderm and in the most recently formed epithelial somites;  zic2  and  zic3  in developing eyes.  zic4  expression was limited to dorsal fore- and midbrain regions and, unlike the expression of the  zic1-3  genes,  zic4  expression was not detected in the hindbrain and trunk. This was in contrast to more extensive  zic4  expression in other vertebrates.    Conclusions  The  zic1-3  genes were expressed in both overlapping and unique domains within the neural tube, somites and other ectoderm and mesoderm-derived structures in the future head and trunk.  zic4  expression, however, was limited to dorso-anterior regions of the future brain. This is the first comprehensive study of  zic1-4  gene expression in chick embryos during neurulation and somitogenesis.

Expression of the zic1, zic2, zic3, and zic4 genes in early chick embryos