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Background  With the aim to increase the knowledge on the evolution of coleopteran genomes, we investigated through cytogenetics and nucleotide sequence analysis  Mariner  transposons in three Scarabaeinae species ( Coprophanaeus cyanescens ,  C. ensifer  and  Diabroctis mimas ).    Results  The cytogenetic mapping revealed an accumulation of  Mariner  transposon in the pericentromeric repetitive regions characterized as rich in heterochromatin and  C    0    t -1 DNA fraction (DNA enriched with high and moderately repeated sequences). Nucleotide sequence analysis of  Mariner  revealed the presence of two major groups of  Mariner  copies in the three investigated coleoptera species.    Conclusions  The  Mariner  is accumulated in the centromeric area of the coleopteran chromosomes probably as a consequence of the absence of recombination in the heterochromatic regions. Our analysis detected high diversification of  Mariner  sequences during the evolutionary history of the group. Furthermore, comparisons between the coleopterans sequences with other insects and mammals, suggest that the horizontal transfer (HT) could have acted in the spreading of the  Mariner  in diverse non-related animal groups.

Chromosomal organization and evolutionary history of Mariner transposable elements in Scarabaeinae coleopterans