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Background   Camelina sativa  (L.) Crantz, known by such popular names as “gold-of-pleasure” and “false flax,” is an alternative oilseed crop for biofuel production and can be grown in harsh environments. Considerable interest is now being given to the new concept of the development of a fusion plant which can be used as a soil remediation plant for ground contaminated by heavy metals as well as a bioenergy crop. However, knowledge of the transport processes for heavy metals across  Camelina  plant membranes is still rudimentary.    Results  Firstly, to investigate whether  Camelina HMA  (heavy metal P 1B -ATPase) genes could be used in such a plant, we analyzed the expression patterns of eight  HMA  genes in  Camelina  (taken from the root, leaf, stem, flower, and silique).  CsHMA3  genes were expressed in all organs. In addition,  CsHMA3  was induced in roots and leaves especially after Pb treatment. Heterogeneous expression of  CsHMA3  complemented the Pb- or Zn-sensitive phenotype of  Δycf1  or  Δzrc1  yeast mutant strains. Subsequently, we cloned and overexpressed  CsHMA3  in  Camelina . The root growth of transgenic lines was better than that in the wild-type plant under heavy metal stress (for Cd, Pb, and Zn). In particular, the transgenic lines showed enhanced Pb tolerance in a wide range of Pb concentrations. Furthermore, the Pb and Zn content in the shoots of the transgenic lines were higher than those in the wild-type plant. These results suggest that overexpression of  CsHMA3  might enhance Pb and Zn tolerance and translocation. Also, the transgenic lines displayed a wider leaf shape compared with the wild-type plant due to an induction of genes related to leaf width growth and showed a greater total seed yield compared to the wild type under heavy metal stress.    Conclusions  Our data obtained from physiological and functional analyses using  CsHMA3  overexpression plants will be useful to develop a multifunctional plant that can improve the productivity of a bioenergy crop and simultaneously be used to purify an area contaminated by various heavy metals.

Alteration of leaf shape, improved metal tolerance, and productivity of seed by overexpression of CsHMA3 in Camelina sativa