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Background  Furfural is a major growth inhibitor in lignocellulosic hydrolysates and improving furfural tolerance of microorganisms is critical for rapid and efficient fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we used the RNAi-Assisted Genome Evolution (RAGE) method to select for furfural resistant mutants of  Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and identified a new determinant of furfural tolerance.    Results  By using a genome-wide RNAi (RNA-interference) screen in  S. cerevisiae  for genes involved in furfural tolerance, we identified  SIZ1 , a gene encoding an E3 SUMO-protein ligase. Disruption of  SIZ1  gene function by knockdown or deletion conferred significantly higher furfural tolerance compared to other previously reported metabolic engineering strategies in  S. cerevisiae.  This improved furfural tolerance of  siz1Δ  cells is accompanied by rapid furfural reduction to furfuryl alcohol and leads to higher ethanol productivity in the presence of furfural. In addition, the  siz1Δ  mutant also exhibited tolerance towards oxidative stress, suggesting that oxidative stress tolerance related proteins may be under the SUMO regulation of SIZ1p and responsible for furfural tolerance.    Conclusions  Using a genome-wide approach, we identified a novel determinant for furfural tolerance, providing valuable insights into the design of recombinant microbes for efficient lignocellulose fermentation.

Genome-wide RNAi screen reveals the E3 SUMO-protein ligase gene SIZ1 as a novel determinant of furfural tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae