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Pine wood nematodes were inoculated on 2-year-old seedlings of a non-selected susceptible and one of the strongest resistant breed variety, respectively. The five samples were harvested at every 7 days and counted the nematode numbers of the samples. They are also stored at -80°C for RNA extraction. The nematodes were collected by Baermann funnel technique and counted under a stereomicroscope to judge the resistance. RNAs were extracted from the resistant and susceptible stems judged at the stage when the nematodes had just started to propagate, by Quagen RNeasy Plant Mini Kit with minor modification. The cDNAs obtained from the resistant and susceptible breed varieties, were differentially screened by Megasort beads technology. The 1507 and 1329 cDNAs, or ESTs, from the respective breed varieties, were effectively sequenced and assembled as the contigs. They were subjected to Blast retrieval against various public databases for their assignments. The data sets obtained were analyzed in silico. Results and conclusions A contig sequence is composed of ESTs, and it approximates an expressed gene species, while the numbers of ESTs in a contig approximate the expressed level of the gene. Comprehensive expression analyses show that the contig numbers, i.e. gene species, were more abundant in a resistant breed variety than those in a susceptible one. The contigs expressed more than 4 ESTs, being composed of 803 ESTs, were three times abundant in the resistant variety than in the susceptible one. The defense response might be triggered by the nematode invasion in a resistant variety but not in a susceptible one. Alternatively, it may be caused by the suppressed gene expression in the susceptible one. The latter is

The expressed genes of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) involved in the pine wilt disease severity