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Background Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the only clonal propagation method that has potential for large scale production of elite conifer plants from the breeding programs. Methods that support bioreactor-based methods for SE propagation are developed [1,2]. Samples of somatic embryos can be stored indefinitely under liquid nitrogen for future plant production. Somatic embryo cultures are also studied as model systems for conifer embryo development to address fundamental research questions, or used as material for genetic transformation to study gene function in conifers. In addition to utilizing SE for masspropagation of known elite clones previously tested in field tests, the SE technology offers an opportunity to directly capture and increase the value of small samples of elite seeds from the breeding programs. Furthermore, by direct masspropagation of families through SE, the value of the elite seed is increased; however without the cost of clonal testing. This is arguably an alternative approach to the traditional approach of only utilizing clonal field-tested material for SE masspropagation [3].The aim of this project was to investigate the effect from seed storage time on the rate of somatic embryo initiation for the purpose of optimizing the use for SE over time of small valuable seed samples. This was done by isolating ZE from seeds of Norway spruce that had been stored for various times, and were collected from different parts of Sweden. Material and methods Plant material Nineteen batches of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seeds from commercial seed orchards in southern, middle and northern parts of Sweden were provided by the forest companies supporting the project.

Somatic embryogenesis for mass propagation of elite Spruce families: effect of storage time on somatic embryogenesis initiation