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Field trials are extremely important for all facets of research, breeding, and biotechnology. Tree physiology is distinctively different in greenhouses or growth chambers vs. field environments. Thus, results from non-field environments can be very misleading with respect to identification of promising biotechnologies and elite varieties. Large regulatory impediments to conduct of field tests of genetically modified (GM) trees will therefore tend to stifle scientific and technological development. This appears to be the case for genetically modified trees, where regulatory burdens to conducting field tests have grown in stringency in the USA and elsewhere in recent years [1,2]. Here, we present the record of recent field trials and some new regulatory developments in the USA.

Field trials of GM trees in the USA: activity and regulatory developments