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Neurotropic rabies virus (RV) is transmitted by saliva, most often through the bite of an infected canine, which leads to an always fatal encephalopathy by invasion of the CNS through nerve fibers innervating the affected muscle. In contrast, transfer by bat bites or scratches, the most frequent cause of human rabies in the USA, introduces RV in rather low amounts intradermally. In both scenarios, RV has also access – in addition to nerves – to lymph and blood. However, the effects of this vascularly distributed share of the viral inoculum have never been examined. Our study aimed to elucidate if RV circulating in the vascular system is able to directly invade the brain and if this postulated route is strain dependent. Furthermore, we wanted to identify putative entry ports by which hematogenously spread RV preferentially gains access to the brain.

bmc proceedings

Intravenous inoculation of silver-haired bat rabies virus, but not of a canine strain, elicits lethal encephalophathy in mice by fast brain invasion via neurosecretory hypothalamic fibers