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Veillonella  is a nonfermentative, strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative coccus that forms part of the human gastrointestinal tract, mouth and vaginal flora. Like other anaerobic infection,  Veillonella  species usually are involved in polymicrobial processes, which make it difficult to determine their pathogenic role. Isolation of a clinically significant  Veillonella  species is rare and  V. parvula  is the most common one reported to cause infection in humans. The most frequently reported infection caused by  V. parvula  is osteomyelitis, almost always in association with bacteremia.    Case presentation  Here, we describe a rare case of nonvertebral osteomyelitis and septicemia caused by  Veillonella  species in a 49-year-old Saudi man with diabetes. Initial treatment with ciprofloxacin was associated with treatment failure and poor response. Identification of the organism was essential for the selection of appropriate treatment. There have been only seven previous reports of  Veillonella  vertebral osteomyelitis and one report of  V. parvula  foot osteomyelitis with sepsis in the literature. This is the second case of  Veillonella  nonvertebral osteomyelitis associated with septicemia reported to date.    Conclusions   Veillonella  species should be considered a true pathogen in diabetic patients with osteomyelitis and those with underlying immune suppression, particularly if the organism is isolated from blood. The isolation of those obligate anaerobes from blood may signal the presence of severe underlying disease and the probable need for timely surgical intervention.

Non-vertebral Veillonella species septicemia and osteomyelitis in a patient with diabetes: a case report and review of the literature