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Salmonella enterica  ssp.  arizonae  is an uncommon human pathogen with serious infections reported in immunocompromised hosts. In Europe, only a few cases have been described. Patients with this infection usually have a history of contact with reptiles or travel abroad. We present a case report of infection in a patient with hypoglobulinemia and a literature review.    Case presentation  We describe the case of a 43-year-old Caucasian Italian man with hypoglobulinemia who presented to our hospital with sepsis and diarrhea. A stool culture yielded  S. enterica  ssp.  arizonae . Our patient was treated with oral ciprofloxacin and made a full recovery. We also present a review of the cases of  S. enterica  ssp.  arizonae  infections previously reported in Europe.    Conclusions  The majority of infections from  S. enterica  ssp.  arizonae  occur in patients who are immunocompromised. Data from the literature suggests that it may be difficult to eradicate the bacteria and thus, prolonged antibiotic courses are often used. It would be advisable for clinicians to investigate for pre-existing immune dysfunction if  S. enterica  ssp.  arizonae  is isolated. In Italy, although there have only been a few cases, the likely route of transmission remains unclear and requires further surveillance.

Salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae infection in a 43-year-old Italian man with hypoglobulinemia: a case report and review of the literature