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Background  Fatty acid profiling has been widely used in the bacteria species identification, we hypothesized that fatty acid characteristics might discriminate the  Panax  herbs according to species. To test the hypothesis, fatty acids of  Panax  species, including  Panax ginseng ,  Panax notoginseng  and  Panax quinquefolius , were characterized and compared using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) followed by multivariate statistical analysis.    Results  The content of investigated 11 fatty acids, including myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidic acid and eicosadienoic acid, obviously varied among three species, suggesting each species has its own fatty acid pattern. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis according to the absolute and relative contents of fatty acids, showed that 30 tested samples could be clearly differentiated according to the species.    Conclusions  These findings demonstrated that GC-MS-based fatty acid profiling coupled with multivariate statistical analysis provides reliable platform to classify these three  Panax  species, which is helpful for ensuring their safety and efficacy.

Fatty acid variability in three medicinal herbs of Panaxspecies