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Background  In  Drosophila , the genes  sticky  and  dFmr1  have both been shown to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and chromatin structure. These genes also genetically interact with Argonaute family microRNA regulators. Furthermore, in mammalian systems, both genes have been implicated in neuronal development. Given these genetic and functional similarities, we tested  Drosophila sticky  and  dFmr1  for a genetic interaction and measured whole genome expression in both mutants to assess similarities in gene regulation.    Results  We found that  sticky  mutations can dominantly suppress a  dFmr1  gain-of-function phenotype in the developing eye, while phenotypes produced by RNAi knock-down of  sticky  were enhanced by  dFmr1  RNAi and a  dFmr1  loss-of-function mutation. We also identified a large number of transcripts that were misexpressed in both mutants suggesting that  sticky  and  dFmr1  gene products similarly regulate gene expression. By integrating gene expression data with a protein-protein interaction network, we found that mutations in  sticky  and  dFmr1  resulted in misexpression of common gene networks, and consequently predicted additional specific phenotypes previously not known to be associated with either gene. Further phenotypic analyses validated these predictions.    Conclusion  These findings establish a functional link between two previously unrelated genes. Microarray analysis indicates that  sticky  and  dFmr1  are both required for regulation of many developmental genes in a variety of cell types. The diversity of transcripts regulated by these two genes suggests a clear cause of the pleiotropy that  sticky  and  dFmr1  mutants display and provides many novel, testable hypotheses about the functions of these genes. As both of these genes are implicated in the development and function of the mammalian brain, these results have relevance to human health as well as to understanding more general biological processes.

Genetic and systems level analysis of Drosophila sticky/citron kinase and dFmr1 mutants reveals common regulation of genetic networks