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Background  This study investigates  Salmonella  spp. isolated from privately kept reptiles and from environmental samples such as bedding materials or water from the floor of the enclosures (terraria). It also compares isolation of  Salmonella  using Modified Semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis (MSRV) medium or selective enrichment in Rappaport-Vassiliadis-Soya (RVS) pepton broth. Cloacal swabs or swabs from the cloacal area were collected from 63 individual reptiles belonging to 14 households. All reptiles were from different terraria and from 62 of these, environmental samples were also collected. Sampling were done by the reptile owners according to written instructions and sent by mail immediately after sampling. All but three samples were analyzed within 24 h after collection. Colonies suspected for  Salmonella  were tested for agglutination and serotyped using the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme. The relative sensitivity ( se ) and specificity ( sp ) for MSRV compared with RVS, and the agreement coefficient kappa ( κ ) were calculated.    Results   Salmonella  was isolated from 50/63 (80%) terraria, either from the reptiles (31/63; 49%) or from bedding material (39/62; 63%). The most common subspecies was  Salmonella enterica  subspecies  enterica  followed by  S. enterica  subspecies  diarizonae . In reptiles, the most common  S. enterica  subspecies  enterica  serovars were Java (n = 4) and Fluntern (n = 4), compared with the serovars Tennessee (n = 10) and Fluntern (n = 10) in the environmental samples. The exact same set of  Salmonella  subspecies and serovars were not isolated from the individual reptiles and the environmental samples from any of the households. Isolation using MSRV yielded more  Salmonella  isolates 61/113 (54%) than enrichment in RVS 57/125 (46%). The  se  was 97.9% (95% Confidence Interval 93.9-100), the  sp  78.5% (95% CI 68.5-88.5) and the  κ  0.74, indicating substantial agreement between the tests.    Conclusions   Salmonella  can be expected to be present in environments where reptiles are kept. This constitutes public health risks and should be considered during handling of the reptiles and during cleaning and disposal of bedding. A combination of different culturing techniques may be used to increase the isolation rate.

Salmonella isolated from individual reptiles and environmental samples from terraria in private households in Sweden