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Background  Animal mycobacterioses are regarded as a potential zoonotic risk and cause economical losses world wide.  M. avium  subsp.  hominissuis  is a slow-growing subspecies found in mycobacterial infected humans and pigs and therefore rapid and discriminatory typing methods are needed for epidemiological studies. The genetic similarity of  M. avium  subsp.  hominissuis  from human and porcine origins using two different typing methods have not been studied earlier. The objective of this study was to compare the IS 1245  RFLP pattern and MIRU-VNTR typing to study the genetic relatedness of  M. avium  strains isolated from slaughter pigs and humans in Finland with regard to public health aspects.    Methods  A novel PCR-based genotyping method, variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) typing of eight mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRUs), was evaluated for its ability to characterize Finnish  Mycobacterium avium  subsp.  hominissuis  strains isolated from pigs (n = 16) and humans (n = 13) and the results were compared with those obtained by the conventional IS 1245  RFLP method.    Results  The MIRU-VNTR results showed a discriminatory index (DI) of 0,92 and the IS 1245  RFLP resulted in DI 0,98. The combined DI for both methods was 0,98. The MIRU-VNTR test has the advantages of being simple, reproducible, non-subjective, which makes it suitable for large-scale screening of  M. avium  strains.    Conclusions  Both typing methods demonstrated a high degree of similarity between the strains of human and porcine origin. The parallel application of the methods adds epidemiological value to the comparison of the strains and their origins. The present approach and results support the hypothesis that there is a common source of  M. avium  subsp.  hominissuis  infection for pigs and humans or alternatively one species may be the infective source to the other.

acta veterinaria scandinavica

Comparison of Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Markers typing and IS1245 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism fingerprinting of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis from human and porcine origins