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Background  Campylobacter is the most commonly reported bacterial cause of enteritis in humans in the EU Member States and other industrialized countries. One significant source of infection is broilers and consumption of undercooked broiler meat.  Campylobacter jejuni  is the  Campylobacter  sp. predominantly found in infected humans and colonized broilers. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene is very useful for identification of bacteria to genus and species level. The objectives in this study were to determine the degree of intraspecific variation in the 16S rRNA genes of  C. jejuni  and  C. coli  and to determine whether the 16S rRNA sequence types correlated with genotypes generated by PFGE analysis of  Sma I restricted genomic DNA of the strains.    Methods  The 16S rRNA genes of 45 strains of  C. jejuni  and two  C. coli  strains isolated from broilers were sequenced and compared with 16S rRNA sequences retrieved from the Ribosomal Database Project or GenBank. The strains were also genotyped by PFGE after digestion with  Sma I.    Results  Sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA genes revealed nine sequence types of the  Campylobacter  strains and the similarities between the different sequence types were in the range 99.6–99.9%. The number of nucleotide substitutions varied between one and six among the nine 16S rRNA sequence types. One of the nine 16S rRNA sequence profiles was common to 12 of the strains from our study and two of these were identified as  Campylobacter coli  by PCR/REA. The other 10 strains were identified as  Campylobacter jejuni . Five of the nine sequence types were also found among the  Campylobacter  sequences deposited in GenBank. The three 16S rRNA genes in the analysed strains were identical within each individual strain for all 47 strains.    Conclusion   C. jejuni  and  C. coli  seem to lack polymorphisms in their 16S rRNA gene, but phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences was not always sufficient for differentiation between  C. jejuni  and  C. coli . The strains were grouped in two major clusters according to 16S rRNA, one cluster with only  C. jejuni  and the other with both  C. jejuni  and  C. coli . Genotyping of the 47 strains by PFGE after digestion with  Sma I resulted in 22 subtypes. A potential correlation was found between the  Sma I profiles and the 16S rRNA sequences, as a certain  Sma I type only appeared in one of the two major phylogenetic groups.

Identification of nine sequence types of the 16S rRNA genes of Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni isolated from broilers