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Background   Rhizoma Curculiginis  ( Xianmao ) and  Rhizoma Drynariae  ( Gusuibu ) are 'Yang-tonifying' traditional Chinese herbal medicines used to strengthen bones. This investigation aims to assess the systemic effect of extracts of  Rhizoma Curculiginis  and  Rhizoma Drynariae  on bone histomorphology and formation, and their local effect on bone healing.    Methods  For the investigation of the systemic effect, thirty 8-week-old male  BALB/c  mice were divided into three groups: (1) control group, ten mice fed daily with distilled water; (2)  Rhizoma Curculiginis  group, ten mice fed daily with distilled water mixed with  Rhizoma Curculiginis  extract; (3)  Rhizoma Drynarie  group, ten mice fed daily with distilled water mixed with  Rhizoma Drynarie  extract. The mice were fed for five weeks before sacrifice. Twenty micro-tomographic slices with an increment of 0.25 mm were prepared to cover the proximal end of the left tibia of each mouse. Quantitative morphometry of the bone structure was performed. For the investigation of the local effect on bone healing, two bone defects (5 × 10 mm) were created in the parietal bone of each of the three New Zealand white rabbits. Two defects in the first animal were grafted with collagen matrix with  Rhizoma Curculiginis  extract; two defects in the second animal were grafted with collagen matrix with  Rhizoma Drynarie  extract; two defects in the third (control) animal were grafted with collagen matrix alone. The animals were sacrificed on day 14 and the defects were dissected and prepared for histological and ultrastructural assessment.    Results   Rhizoma Curculiginis  and  Rhizoma Drynariae  extracts altered the bone histomorphology, both increasing the trabecular number by 10% (P = 0.002).  Rhizoma Curculiginis  extract increased bone density by 3.13% (P = 0.122) and  Rhizoma Drynariae  extract increased bone density by 6.45% (P = 0.005). Both  Rhizoma Curculiginis  and  Rhizoma Drynariae  extracts induced new bone formation on the margins of the defects.    Conclusion  Two 'Yang-tonifying' herbs,  Rhizoma Curculiginis  and  Rhizoma Drynariae , were demonstrated to have systemic effects on bone histomorphology and formation as well as local bone healing.

The effects of Rhizoma Curculiginis and Rhizoma Drynariae extracts on bones