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Orthotic treatment of infantile scoliosis represents a challenge:  1. Most of them are progressive  2. Different etiologies  3. Associated diseases  4. Smaller size anatomy  5. Immature rib cage  Types:  1. Braces  • Do not provide immediate correction  • Treatment aimed to “hold” the spine and prevent further progression  • Risk of chest deformity in case of braces constricting the thorax  • Literature does not support the efficacy of braces in the treatment of infantile scoliosis  • Poor compliance (Parents)  2. Casts/Braces under traction  • Provide correction. Sometimes scoliosis can be reversed by early treatment with serial corrective plaster jackets in children with mild curves and at an early age (under age two)  • Immature rib cage often deforms before significant correction is transmitted to the spine  • May provoke skin problems  • They may reduce the deformity but not reverse it  • Main goal: delay surgery as much as possible  • Braces under traction diminish cast complications with the same efficacy in the long term

Controversial Issue Session: Brace treatment in infantile scoliosis: brace treatment problems