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Background  Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative diseases that affect several mammalian species. At least three factors related to the host prion protein are known to modulate susceptibility or resistance to a TSE: amino acid sequence, atypical number of octapeptide repeats, and expression level. These factors have been extensively studied in breeds of  Bos taurus  cattle in relation to classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). However, little is currently known about these factors in  Bos indicus  purebred or  B. indicus  ×  B. taurus  composite cattle. The goal of our study was to establish the frequency of markers associated with enhanced susceptibility or resistance to classical BSE in  B. indicus  purebred and composite cattle.    Results  No novel or TSE-associated  PRNP -encoded amino acid polymorphisms were observed for  B. indicus  purebred and composite cattle, and all had the typical number of octapeptide repeats. However, differences were observed in the frequencies of the 23-bp and 12-bp insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphisms associated with two bovine  PRNP  transcription regulatory sites. Compared to  B. taurus ,  B. indicus  purebred and composite cattle had a significantly lower frequency of 23-bp insertion alleles and homozygous genotypes. Conversely,  B. indicus  purebred cattle had a significantly higher frequency of 12-bp insertion alleles and homozygous genotypes in relation to both  B. taurus  and composite cattle. The origin of these disparities can be attributed to a significantly different haplotype structure within each species.    Conclusion  The frequencies of the 23-bp and 12-bp indels were significantly different between  B. indicus  and  B. taurus  cattle. No other known or potential risk factors were detected for the  B. indicus  purebred and composite cattle. To date, no consensus exists regarding which bovine  PRNP  indel region is more influential with respect to classical BSE. Should one particular indel region and associated genotypes prove more influential with respect to the incidence of classical BSE, differences regarding overall susceptibility and resistance for  B. indicus  and  B. taurus  cattle may be elucidated.

Frequencies of polymorphisms associated with BSE resistance differ significantly between Bos taurus, Bos indicus, and composite cattle