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Background  Diseases caused by bacteria remain a major challenge globally and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The plants used in this study have been used in South Africa to treat helminth infections in livestock and humans. In a previous study we found a correlation between antifungal and anthelmintic activity in some cases. In this study we examined other potential uses of these thirteen plant species by determining the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the leaf acetone extracts.  The antibacterial activity was determined by using a serial microdilution method against  Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli  and  Enterococcus faecalis . Bioautography was used to determine the number of antibacterial compounds. The antioxidant activity was determined using the ABTS and DPPH methods.    Results   Maesa lanceolata  and  Leucosidea sericea  with an MIC of 0.02 mg/ml had excellent antibacterial activity against  Enterococcus faecalis  and  Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  There was a poor correlation between antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity with R 2  = 0.143. This is because antibacterial activity is mainly related to non-polar compounds and antioxidant activity to polar compounds.  Maesa lanceolata  extracts had a low cytotoxicity with a selectivity index of 5.2, 2.6, 2.6 and 1.3 for  P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, E. coli  and  S. aureus  respectively.  Strychnos mitis  extracts had a therapeutic index of 1.1 for  E. coli .    Conclusions  This study shows that plant extracts of some species used in ethnoveterinary medicine as anthelmintic may also have excellent antibacterial activity.

bmc veterinary research

The antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity and selectivity index of leaf extracts of thirteen South African tree species used in ethnoveterinary medicine to treat helminth infections